The End Of Chattel Slavery Essay - 1648 Words

Looking back in history, you will find that slavery was always present. There are accounts of slavery in Babylon, Greece, and Rome, all occurring before the Common Era; but there was a major change during the year 1619 in the way slavery was implemented. This form of slavery was known as chattel slavery. Defined as â€Å"A civil relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another† (Legal-dictionary.com), chattel slavery targeted African slaves that were brought over from Africa to the Americas to support the production of crops such as tobacco and cotton. Previous to the year 1619, slavery was used as a way to pay off debt or as seen in Rome it existed to provide everyone with an equal opportunity. In examining the start of chattel slavery I pose three questions: What was the true purpose of chattel slavery, why was chattel slavery only in America and found nowhere else in any point of history, and are there forms of chattel slave ry that exist today? Answering these questions will be pivotal in explaining why chattel slavery was constructed. A common misconception that most people have about the word â€Å"slavery† is that it is bad or people tend to think about African slaves walking in chains and being beaten. History has shown and proven numerous account of slavery so how come when we think of slavery we seem to think of the stereotypical slavery (chattel slavery)? In fact, Classical Greece was the first society seen that had slaveShow MoreRelatedChattel Slavery1359 Words   |  6 PagesChattel slavery, so named because people are treated as the personal property, chattels, of an owner and are bought and sold as commodities, is the original form of slavery. When taking these chattels across national borders it is referred to as Human Trafficking especially when these slaves provide sexual services. Indentureship Indentured laborers were assigned contracts in which they were paid wages to work for a specified period of time. After the contracts expired they were given the optionRead MoreEssay about Slavery by Another Name1282 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the book, The Origins of Slavery, the author, Betty Woods, depicts how religion and race along with social, economic, and political factors were the key factors in determining the exact timing that the colonist’s labor bases of indentured Europeans would change to involuntary West African servitude. These religion and racial differences along with the economic demand for more labor played the key roles in the formation of slavery in the English colonies. When the Europeans first arrivedRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1310 Words   |  6 Pagesis well-defined as an individual detained in servitude as the chattel of another, or one that is wholly impassive to a ruling power (American Heritage dictionary of the English language, 2011). The most renowned circumstances of slavery materialized throughout the settling of the United States of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was acceptable within United States of America the Slavery protestors endeavoured to end slavery, which at some point; they were effective at doing so. This essayRead MoreSocial Studies Coursework868 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 What is slavery? Africans became slaves in several ways. Describe three (3) ways in which Africans became slaves. [10 marks] Answer Slavery is the state of being under the control of another person and is a form of forced labor in which people are considered to be, or treated as the property of others. As Source B says, slavery existed in West Africa beforeRead MoreThe Growth And Exposure For Moody s Mama Toosweet Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesside of the spectrum black people are placed on. On the other hand, Moody’s mama Toosweet, has long endured the brutal callousness of Chattel Slavery -- as a result she holds a different perspective than Moody. Their differing viewpoints often lead to tension between the two characters; this essay will examine and compare the psychological effects of Chattel Slavery on Moody and her mother. When examining Coming of Age in Mississippi we must call to mind the Politics of Difference – as readers learnRead MoreChains : On The Neck1179 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious ends, like doing work or performing a task, and to keep doing it. This is what occurs in the historical situation known as slavery. In slavery, the person working or performing a task is doing so against his/her will or desire. He or she simply cannot choose to stop. Slavery doesn’t have to involve two or more subjects. It can involve one person, thanks to their complex human brain. One person can force themselves to keep doing something even though they may not want to. Slavery, then, isRead MoreRelationship Between Slavery And Capitalism Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between Slavery and Capitalism, and the extent to how dependent Capitalism was on slavery. Chattel slavery first arrived to America in 1619 and from there the business just kept on growing. It leads to the invention of the cotton gin and helped push forward the young country into the developed powerful nation it is now. This can be gained from the readings from Bailyn, Beverly, the Declaration of Independence, and other works that show not only how profitable slavery was, but also how importantRead MoreCelia, A Slave By Melton Mclaurin1433 Words   |  6 Pagesof non-stop events, Celia’s story became emblematic of the centrifugal conditions that ripped the antebellum America apart because her life helps us understand women’s rights in the slavery society and a conflict between proslavery and antislavery activities. First of all, women don’t have important rights in slavery society. Patriarchal system is operated under the absolute dominance of men, and women have responsibility to fully obey husbands. Women have to serve men and accept their inferiorityRead MoreDehumanization Of Slavery In Frederick Douglasss Narrative Of Life1354 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence of chattel slavery. The issue of slavery in America was not as easily thought as black and white. Mostly, people in the North were opposed to slavery, while the South promoted it. However, many people were indifferent. People in the North could see slavery as neither good nor bad, instead a way of Southern life. Frederick Douglass, knowing the North was home to lots of abolitionists, wrote his narrative â€Å"Narrative of Life† in order to show indifferent people in the north to see slavery as theRead MoreThe Differences Between The French And British And The American Colonies During The 19th Century1509 Words   |  7 P agesworld, slavery was viewed as a form of punishment and an alternative to execution or imprisonment. People who were captured through war were also enslaved. Some people became slaves due to unpaid debt, but this was only a temporary situation. With the growing demand for labor on the plantations, slavery took on a different take to meet the needs. Slavery changed in two major ways with chattel slavery becoming more common and people beginning to be enslaved due to their racial origin. Chattel slavery

The Importance Of Being Earnest By Wilde - 1427 Words

‘The Importance of Being Earnest’, is utilised by Wilde to draw attention to the superficiality of the social facades predominantly maintained by the upper classes, through the physical depiction of Jack and Algernon’s aliases. Wilde further exemplifies his discontent with widespread social conventions at the time by satirising the arrogance of the aristocracy with a constant underlying representation of the lower classes as a more humble and less pretentious social division. Moreover, the playwright embeds heavy hypocrisy and explores the general understanding of what it means to be ‘earnest’ in order to mimic and highlight the flaws of Victorian society at the time. In Act 1, Jack is discovered to have been using the false identity of â€Å"Ernest Worthing† while in â€Å"town† in order to escape his responsibilities in the country, while Algernon is revealed to be using a fictional character of his own to escape arduous social obligations. The two protagonists must use these aliases to enable them to defy the typical social expectations of the late nineteenth-century. Wilde employs this substantial element of the play to epitomise his view that the breadth of social requirements can become overbearing; the simple fact that Jack and Algernon feel the need lie extensively to gain a sense of social satisfaction indicates the great depth of societal constrictions placed upon the upper class. This becomes apparent when Algernon attempts to make use of his fabricated relative in orderShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde773 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play by Oscar Wilde â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnestâ € , Wilde takes a comedic stance on a melodrama, portraying the duplicity of Victorian traditions and social values as the modernism of the twentieth century begins to emerge. The idea of the play revolves around its title of the characters discovering the importance of being earnest to their individual preferences. The author uses the traditional efforts of finding a marriage partner to illustrate the conflicting pressure of Victorian valuesRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1318 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Status in Persuasion and The Importance of Being Earnest Social status refers to a person s position or importance within a society. I have done some research and have acquired information over the way social status is addressed in both the writings of Jane Austen and Oscar Wilde. In the novel Persuasion we can see how the characters go beyond their means to uphold their title and social value. In the play The Importance of Being Earnest we can see how the social rank and wealth of a personRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1750 Words   |  7 PagesHidden Symbols in The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest written by Oscar Wilde takes place in 1895 and exposes the hypocritical social expectations of the end of the Victorian era. During the Victorian period, marriage was about protecting your resources and keeping socially unacceptable impulses under control. The play undeniable reveals and focuses satire around differences between the behaviors of the upper class and that of the lower class. Oscar Wilde uses comedic symbolismRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde707 Words   |  3 PagesWebsters dictionary defines earnest as â€Å"characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind. Which can be considered a pun since thought this play we see the characters being more apathetic. The Importance of Being Earnest is the story of Jack Worthing is the main character and the protagonist of this play. He is a well of business man who lives in the country and is very well respected there. But Jack has a secret he lives an other in the city of London where he claims to goRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde913 Words   |  4 Pagesmake them known. This concept has come to be the brick and mortar of the wry play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde The significance of the notion of being earnest is contradicted in the play, through Wilde’s clever use of words, characters digression of societal normalcy, and triviality of Victorian concepts. Cynical character Algernon asserts that women of Victorian society reinforce the importance of orderly money as a type of social contract. On page 3, it is quickly established theRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1382 Words   |  6 Pagesappeared to be strict. The Importance of Being Earnest, by Oscar Wilde, a nineteenth century author who was one of the most acclaimed playwrights of his day, is a play set in the Victorian time period that demonstrates how trivial telling the truth was. Different characters throughout Wilde’s play establish their dishonestly through hiding who they really are and pretending to be someone whom they are not. In an essay titled â€Å"From ‘Oscar Wilde’s Game of Being Earnest,’† Tirthankar Bose d escribesRead MoreThe Importance of Being Earnest, by Oscar Wilde1300 Words   |  5 PagesThe play, The Importance of Being Earnest, by Oscar Wilde was written in the Victorian Age of England. During this time morality was connected with sexual restraint and strict codes of conduct in public. This play hilariously critiques Victorian moral and social values while the characters in the play try to figure out the meaning of â€Å"earnestness†. Wilde uses humor and irony to publicly ridicule the self-aggrandizing attitude of the Victorian upper classes, as well as to expose their duplicity andRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1364 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to fully understand the meaning of â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and its importance in its time, one must look at Oscar Wilde’s background in relation to the Victorian time period. Biography.com states that Wilde had a very social life, growing up among influential Victorians a nd intellectuals of the time. As he grew older and became a successful writer, he began engaging in homosexual affairs which was a crime during the 19th century. He eventually started a relationship with AlfredRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde980 Words   |  4 Pagestrust and is the opposite of intimacy. The novel, The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde, is a hypocrisy comedy. Jack, the main character, chose to live in a lie, and created a fake identity. The theme largely revolves around the name â€Å"Earnest† meaning sincere, honest, and serious. The book shows the importance of being earnest but has characters that do quite the opposite, mainly Jack. The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde was mainly about a guy named Jack, who was discoveredRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest is a play written by Oscar Wilde about a man named Jack who lies about his identity and ends up creating huge confusion about who he really is. The biggest notion that appears throughout the play is about character. There are many instances where the characters of the play lie about their identities and pretend to be people they are not. Oscar Wilde does this throughout the play in order to explain how one’s identity can be made up. One is not born with an identity;

Importance of Writing Free Essays

The Importance of Writing for Students Writing defines as a tool to represent writers’ thoughts, feelings,and ideas into one component/purpose. As a tool, writing has a function to develop writers’ thoughts to be more critical. Writing requires a practical adjustment, and a repetition in order to improve the skill. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The practice is vary; however, the basic of practicality involves some sources as a media of learning. Writing prepares writers, especially students, to reach into a larger society in term of showing their ability in an indirect way of communication. Writing plays a very important role in the world of education. Writing builds a way to create students to be more creative. Creativity through writing has unlimited scopes. Scope of writing narrative implicates a wild imagination through certain complex ideas by locating the concept orderly and specifically. Scope of writing an academic progress, such as research paper, requires students to understand in applying a right grammar, and structuring a paragraph. â€Å"Creative writing† leads students to do analyzation that trigger them in finding a new invention (Bekurs; Santoli). An analyzation demands students to elaborate and rearrange the words into one whole new perception. Analyzing in this writing process means â€Å"to learn how to evaluate† the argument, and â€Å"use that information-to find the meaning in the knowledge† (Bekurs; Santoli). According to Santoli and Bekurs, â€Å"the foundation of creative writing† must be based on students’ â€Å"personal interest† (Bekurs; Santoli). Writing develops a social skill in students. A social skill needs a basic foundation of learning how to master a second way of communication, called writing. In particular, a social movement in internet, such as blogging, entangles young people to express theimselve as an individual through writing. This blogging activity is â€Å"the expressway to the soul†; moreover, writing reflects the personality of the writers that allow them to interact with new people in the cyber world (McNulty). A social skill, in term of writing, generates an unlimited access in reaching many different societies. However, students have to master many different vocabularies related to the field. Writing helps some students in gaining friends. Some students have a difficulty in relating themselves to new people. In particular, the activity of exchanging journal in order to interact with their new friends is still ecessary, especially for those in a lower grade of education. Writing guides students in gaining â€Å"self-awareness†, â€Å"self-motivation†, and â€Å"believing in themselves† (Downing 1). In this case, writing a journal can be very helpful in raising students’ motivation and introspection toward themselves. Writing a journal means writing out our wild opin ions into a piece of paper; just like writing a diary. By writing journal, students can deliver their â€Å"hidden thoughts† through a â€Å"white and black† tool that makes everything â€Å"visible to the world† (McNulty). Writing trains students to become more independent and confident. According to Santoli and Bekurs, when students â€Å"become more comfortable putting their pens to paper† as writers, they have become independent decision makers of themselves (Bekurs; Santoli). Furthermore, students have to often practice the writing skill to gain a self-confidence. The more students practice their writing, the more they allow themselves to comprehend the usefulness of using grammar and applying them into paragraph. Writing determines the future career of students. The skill of writing describes the knowledgeable students as independent workers in the future. For instance, the ability of student in speaking a good speech generates a newly politician. The competence of student in writing a report rises a new born talented journalist. Moreover, the writing skill of students specify their position as a worker; either lower or higher position. In term of writing, the importance of being able to â€Å"mean what you say and say what you mean† has crucial meaning in the career field (McNulty). In order to apply for a job, people have to submit a firm Curriculum Vitae letter that requires them to write a boldness approval of themselves. How to cite Importance of Writing, Papers

Group Observation of Community Group free essay sample

Assessment 5: Group Observation Introduction This essay will analyse and observe the group of my family household. Through reflective questions the essay will answer what the goals of the group are, communication within the group, the different roles, the cohesion of the group, the differences, and the leadership within the group. We interact and communicate either in groups or with groups in all area of our lives, whether it is at work or in a household. This usually means you are communicating with a broad range of people, and don’t always interact with these groups in a conscious manner. Some group aspects will be outlined beneath the topic headings and these not only relate to my family household group, but they relate to all groups. 1. Group goals Note the goals and agendas of each of the group members (why they are a member of the group – what they would like to achieve). I chose to observe and analyse my family household group. The relationships of the group members are as follows: Marion is the mother, and Andrew is the father. Ben is the younger brother – 17 years, I am the middle child (Philippa) – 19 years, and Joseph is the older brother – 21 years. Joseph has moved out to university in Canberra, but comes home most holidays. The family lives together on the family farm. The underlying goal of the household group is to live in harmony with each other, with minimum conflicts, and positive emotional connections between one-another (Peterson Green, 2009). There are extra goals held by the members such as Marion and Andrew who are to provide income for the family to eat healthy food, prepare this food for meals, provide a comfortable house to live in, clothe the family, and provide enough income for day-to-day expenses. Andrew’s goal is to run the family farming business as a successful enterprise. He also may hope that the future generation might like to pursue a farming career. Joseph’s goal is to enjoy home-life when he visits the family. Philippa’s goal is to achieve at University and Ben’s goals are to achieve at school and in his football at a State level. All members are part of the group because they are part of the family and live together (although Joseph is not always present in the household). The members of the group did not get a choice whether or not to join, because they are automatically part of the family once they are born into it. What impact do these different goals have on the way the group functions? Often there are farm jobs that need doing that requires family members to help and this impacts on achieving their own goals if it takes up time. Ben’s football playing and training impacts on Marion and Andrew not having any spare time as they are always driving Ben to and from football events during the week, and on weekends. Some members of the group care about the group goals more than others. As the parents, Marion and Andrew are the main instigators when it comes to how positive the household is, and they also are the ones that are focused on the goals to provide income for the family to live. Related to building a harmonious household, Marion and Andrew make it known to the house when they are unhappy and why they feel this way. Usually they figure out how they can solve the problem that is making them feel negative. The emotional state of one person can impact on the emotions of the people around them. This is called emotional leakage. Emotional leakage is an occurrence where an individual transmits signals that can alter hormone levels, sleep rhythms and cardiovascular functions, of another person. The transmitting of signals is done through nonverbal communication and the individual cannot control it. Signs of an individual’s emotions can be noticed through their body language, and this is also what transfers the emotional signal from one person to another (Boone Buck, 2003). If Marion and Andrew remain in negative moods, it highly impacts the rest of the family by making the whole household feel irritated and angry. As parents, Marion and Andrew have the most influence on the rest of the household (Peterson Green, 2009). If they are unaware of their emotions it can have a negative impact on the rest of the family. To stop any negative impacts they need to monitor their emotions and make corrections to these emotions when needed (Goleman, 1996). 2. Communication What patterns of communication do you see operating within this group? (who is talking to who? Who does most of the talking? What mediums get used? Are both formal and informal channels used? ) Ben communicates mostly with Philippa, and Joseph when he’s home. This is because Ben relates to his siblings more than he relates to his parents. He has more in common with his siblings and there is more interesting things he can talk about with his siblings. Joseph and Philippa communicate with all members of the group on a fairly equal level. Marion and Andrew mostly communicate with each other, Philippa, and Joseph when he is home. Marion and Andrew try to communicate with Ben, and he usually communicates back, but when asked a question he rarely elaborates on his answers to make for a good conversation. Not communicating with parents is common in many teenagers (Nelson Lott, 1994). When communicating, 60-70% of the message is communicated through body language (Davidson, 2011). This is through facial expressions, body movements, gestures, eye contact, touch, voice, and the physical space between individuals. For successful nonverbal communication, an individual needs to be emotionally self-aware and understand the cues you’re sending, along with having the ability to accurately pick up on any cues others are sending you (Segal, 2010). For example in this household group, if a member is not saying much, it is usually easy to tell how they are feeling through their body language. If someone is happy or excited then they may be singing for dancing around the house, but if they were stressed they might not be talking very much and ‘snap’ at someone when asked a question. All communication channels are ‘informal’ in the household group. Informal channels are based on social connections and do not follow lines of authority, for example in a workplace group (formal channels). Informal connections depend on individual needs of the group members (Johnson, Donohue, Atkin, Johnson, 1994). Informal communication is verbal and may be expressed even by a simple glance, small indication, or even silence. Informal communication is an unstructured channel, with various ways of expression, and the individual communicating usually communicates at impulsively on their own will (Johnson, Donohue, Atkin, Johnson, 1994). The family group communicates informally because they don’t have delegated positions in the group and are free to say what they want, when they want, and how they want. What one thing might be done to improve communication in this group? The only main communication difficulty in the group is that Ben doesn’t usually start a conversation with his parents or offer them much information about the events of his day; although he will do this with his siblings. To improve this, Ben needs to become self aware of how he expresses himself, through gaining emotional intelligence (Goleman, 1996). Ben also needs to realise the importance of communication in not only a family relationship, but how it is vital in any personal relationship. But this will happen over time as he grows out of his teenage years (Nelson Lott, 1994) and becomes more mature. 3. Group roles What formal or informal roles have been adopted in the group? Formal, task-oriented roles and informal social roles both play a part in the family household group. The roles and definitions used for this question were found in the research of Benne Sheats (1948) about functional roles of group members. Task-oriented roles relate to the completion of the group’s task. Each person in this household was found to have one or more task-orientated roles. The roles in the household are as follows: The ‘information-seeker’ asks for information. Marion holds this role. The ‘opinion-giver’ states their beliefs about a group issue. Marion and Andrew both hold this role. The ‘opinion-seeker’ asks for input from the group about its values. Marion is the main one who plays this role. The ‘orienter’ shifts the direction of the groups discussion. Ben holds this role. The ‘energizer’ stimulates the group to a higher level of activity. Joseph plays this role. The ‘initiator-contributor’ generates new ideas. This is Philippa’s role. Although the task-oriented roles are a type of formal role, the roles of each household member wasn’t ‘assigned’ to them, as if they were in a formal workplace, but each member has acquired these roles over time as they often relate to their personality type. Informal social roles play a part in the emotional connection of the household group (Benne Sheats, 1948). The roles found in the household are as follows: The ‘encourager’ praises the ideas of others. Andrew and Marion are the main ones who do this. The ‘group observer’ keeps records of group activities and uses this information to give feedback to the group. Ben and Philippa hold this role. The ‘follower’ goes along with the group and accepts the groups ideas. Joseph plays this role as he is not always home. Other roles within the family are practical roles, which mostly Marion and Andrew complete such as cooking, cleaning the house, washing clothes, and chopping wood. Ben, Philippa, and Joseph when he’s home also help out and do these jobs during the week, but the majority is done by the parents. What impact do these roles have on the group’s effectiveness? Because all members have different roles, this enables a balance to be achieved within the family unit. It is important to have stability within the family with all members contributing different roles to minimise conflict and build a positive family atmosphere. 4. Cohesion Would you describe this group as cohesive? Explain and explore the impact on the group’s functioning. Getting along well with one another, being comfortable around each other, and resolving any conflicts or issues by talking openly are some of the factors that lead to a highly cohesive group (Johnson Johnson, 2006). The household group in this essay is a cohesive one. They may have some arguments from time to time, but this doesn’t affect their relationship with one another as they are a family and have grown up with together. For example an issue that arises in the group is the fact that there is often work to be done on the farm that needs all family members to help out. This may impact on family members giving up their leisure time, however they understand that contributing to the farm work is an important aspect of living on an agricultural property. The impact on the group being cohesive is that it makes everyday living a lot easier, than if the group wasn’t cohesive. There are two aspects of group cohesiveness which are the ‘emotional’ aspect and ‘task-related’ aspect (Barsade Gibson, 1998). The emotional aspect is the more researched side of cohesion and is based on the connection group members feel towards the other group members and the group as a whole. Also included is how much time they want to spend with other group members as this shows how much they like the other members and whether they enjoy each other’s company. For example Philippa and Marion enjoy spending time together gardening and this builds a more cohesive group as they enjoy spending time together. The task-related aspect is based on the scale in which group members share the same goals and how well they work together to meet these goals (Barsade Gibson, 1998). This household group is more cohesive in the emotional aspect, compared to the task-related aspect. Group members don’t always have the same amount of focus on the group goals as one another. But on an emotional level the group is generally connected and enjoy each other’s company. 5. Difference Assess whether your group is homogenous (same) or heterogeneous (different) across these characteristics: †¢ Gender Age †¢ Marital status †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Goals †¢ Values †¢ Personality †¢ Skills The family group is both homogenous and heterogeneous. The ways in which the group is homogenous is that we are genetically related (apart from Marion and Andrew), and live in the same environment which impacts on how we act and react to different situations. For example if there was a sna ke heading for a small child, we would all know how to kill it to save the child’s life, but if someone had grown up in the city they may not know what to do in that situation. The group is also partly homogenous in the fact that the three males are of the same gender, and the two females are of the same gender. They are all of Anglo-Saxon ethnicity. Their values are all fairly similar as the parents have taught the children what they value, and the children have learnt from them through their years of growing up together. The family is also heterogeneous. All members are different ages (apart from the parents) and therefore at a different life stage. There is one main goal of having a harmonious household, but all members have different personal goals. All personalities are different. Everyone has some skills that other members have, but each member has a main area of skills they are good at. For example Marion is good at caring for people and cooking, Andrew has very good practical and mechanical skills for the farm, Joseph has a large knowledge of the natural environment, Philippa is very creative and good with animals, and Ben is very skilful in any sport he is involved with. Identify a strategy that the group might employ to better acknowledge and value the diversity within it? Diversity in any group is important as there is a large range of skills available to contribute to the group. If a group has a diverse range of skills, a wide range of views, is cohesive, and values each other’s views is great when making decisions or trying to solve a problem. Because of the high cohesion in the group each member does not always think their idea is the only option as they want to know what the other group members have to contribute. (Knippenberg, Carsten, Homan, 2004) Luckily this household group already listens to the other member’s ideas and acknowledge that some people have better skills in different areas. 6. Leadership Observe the leader’s application of the behaviours/ attributes below. Based on these observations and notes (and any others you might have) evaluate the leader’s effectiveness in this group. Leadership attributes: †¢ Clarifies the goal, roles and tasks for the group / team †¢ Ability to motivate and inspire the group / team members †¢ Pays attention to the concerns and development needs of group / team members †¢ Approach to decision making (participative / autocratic) †¢ Provides fair feedback Leadership is the process where leaders apply influence on others to help the group achieve its goals and maintain a successful relationship. A good leader is someone who can adapt their behaviour depending on the follower’s competence, confidence and motivation to the task (Davidson, 2011). The group members who lead the most are the parents, Marion and Andrew. They make it known to the other group members what is expected of them in terms of helping out around the house or the farm. For example the children have to contribute by making one meal per week for the family. Marion and Andrew do ask the children to do specific jobs such as feeding the dogs, or hanging out the washing, but they also expect the children to be responsible nd remember that there are jobs needing to be completed all the time, and do the jobs without being told. It is very important to encourage group members to achieve as much as they physically and mentally can (Russell, 2001). Marion and Andrew are very motivating especially relating to sport and school or university work. They encourage the children when they are achieving good results, a nd motivate and suggest alternate ways of success if the children are not achieving the sought-after results. Marion and Andrew pay attention to the needs of the group. Most of the time the needs of the group are not major issues, but small matters such as needing their clothes washed for the next day, having nice food to take to university or work the next day, or writing a cheque for a child to take to school for paying their sports registration. Marion and Andrew also make sure there are no concerns in the group, and if there is an issue, they try to solve it as soon as possible. The decision-making style of Marion and Andrew is mostly participative style, although sometimes if they feel strongly about something they will use an autocratic style of decision-making. Participative decision-making involves the thoughts and ideas of what the whole group wants to decide on, and autocratic decision-making means the leader/s has the responsibility of making the final decision, without any input from other group members (Vroom Yetton, 1973). For example if Ben who is 17 years old wanted to drink alcohol under-age at a party, Marion and Andrew would use an autocratic method of decision-making and end up settling on the fact that Ben would not be allowed to drink alcohol at the party. If Marion and Andrew feel they need to give feedback or suggest something to any family members they always do. They feel that it is their duty to take care of the family and try to guide their children in any decision they are making. Tyson, (1998) believed that if a leader cannot keep their group safe, this is seen as weakness, resulting in group members becoming stressed and it is likely they will also develop lack of confidence. This makes it hard for the leader to motivate the team members towards accomplishing their goals. Tyson outlines here the importance of being able to look up to someone as a leader and how much of an impact that leader has on the rest of the group if something were to go wrong. According to the above attributes this shows that Marion and Andrew are good at leading their family. They show support, encourage others, provide feedback to the children, and make sure everyone is doing their part at helping out in the household. Conclusion In conclusion the family group that was studied is an effective group. They may have individual goals, but they still achieve the goal of maintaining a harmonious family household. They communicate with one another (although Ben will learn to as he grows older), each member has a different role which makes the family diverse, and the family is cohesive which enables a happy household. The family is homogenous in some aspects, but also heterogeneous in their skills which come in handy for everyone to be able to contribute in different aspects, and the parents show good leadership for the children in their goals, and also leading the family as a whole. It is interesting to analyse the range of group processes that occur in a group such as my family household, and investigating these groups processes has made me more aware of their occurrence in everyday life. References| Segal, J. (2010, November). The Power of Nonverbal communication and Body Language.

Writte By Joe Bollini Brevard, NC I DIDNT DO IT How The Simpsons Affec

Writte by Joe Bollini Brevard, NC I DIDN'T DO IT How The Simpsons Affects Kids The Simpsons is one of Americas most popular television shows. It ranks as the number one television program for viewers under eighteen years of age. However, the ideals that The Simpsons conveys are not always wholesome, sometimes not even in good taste. It is inevitable that The Simpsons is affecting children. Matt Groening took up drawing to escape from his troubles in 1977. At the time, Groening was working for the L.A. Reader, a free weekly newspaper. He began working on Life in Hell, a humorous comic strip consisting of people with rabbit ears. The L.A. Reader picked up a copy of his comic strip and liked what they saw. Life in Hell gradually became a common comic strip in many free weeklies and college newspapers across the country. It even developed a cult status. (Varhola, 1) Life in Hell drew the attention of James L. Brooks, producer of works such as Taxi, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Terms of Endearment. Brooks originally wanted Groening to make an animated pilot of Life in Hell. Groening chose not to do so in fear of loosing royalties from papers that printed the strip. Groening presented Brooks with an overweight, balding father, a mother with a blue beehive hairdo, and three obnoxious spiky haired children. Groening intended for them to represent the typical American family "who love each other and drive each other crazy". Groening named the characters after his own family. His parents were named Homer and Margaret and he had two younger sisters named Lisa and Maggie. Bart was an anagram for "brat". Groening chose the last name "Simpson" to sound like the typical American family name. (Varhola, 2) Brooks decided to put the 30 or 60 second animations on between skits on The Tracy Ullman Show on the unsuccessful Fox network. Cast members Dan Castellaneta and Julie Kavner did the voices of Homer and Marge. Yeardley Smith (later to star in Herman's Head) did the voice of Lisa. Nancy Cartwright did the voice of Bart. Cartwright previously supplied the voices for many cartoons, including Galaxy High, Fantastic Max, Richie Rich, Snorks, Pound Puppies, My Little Pony, and Glo-Friends. Tracy Ullman later added Cartwright to her cast. (Dale and Trich, 11) Brooks, Groening, and Sam Simon, Tracy Ullman's producer, wanted to turn the Simpson family into their own show. The Fox network was looking for material to appeal to younger viewers. The only show they had that drew a young audience was Married With Children. To Fox's pleasure, The Simpsons saved the network from near failure. (Varhola, 3) On December 17, 1989, The Simpsons got their break. The Christmas special, "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire" aired. (Dale and Trich, 19) In the episode, Bart got a tattoo, much to Marge's dislike. She quickly spent all of the family's Christmas money to remove Bart's tattoo with a laser. At the same time, Homer, still on his morning cof fee break at 4:00 in the afternoon, learns that he will not receive a Christmas bonus. When he learns that Marge is relying on the money for Christmas, he decides that he will do the Christmas shopping for the year. He quickly buys Marge panty hose, Bart paper, Lisa crayons, and Maggie a dog toy. When he realizes that he is not doing very well, he gets a second job as a mall Santa for the extra money. On the way home from work, he steals a Christmas tree. The next day at the mall, Bart sits on his Dad's lap and pulls down his beard. Homer responds by choking Bart and making him help make Christmas better. On Christmas Eve, Homer receives his check, $13.70 for over 40 hours work. Homer takes Bart to the dog track as a final chance for Christmas money. They discovered a gem in the third race, Santa's Little Helper. How could this dog loose on Christmas Eve? The odds were 99 to 1, they were going to be rich. Homer put all of his money on Santa's Little Helper, and to his horror, he nev er even finished. As Homer and Bart were

Gregor Samsa as the Existentialist Hero essays

Gregor Samsa as the Existentialist Hero essays When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin (The Metamorphosis, 3). So begins Franz Kafkas masterpiece, "The Metamorphosis," written in 1912. This work can be viewed as an exploration of the outcast in European society. It was written in German, rather than Czech, by a Jew in a chiefly Catholic country with an extensive history of anti-Semitism. Therefore, since Kafkas fiction is set in an alternate reality that is threatening, one always has the sense of an individual unfairly trapped in an absurd world, as he was. The weirdness of this transformation or change makes us evaluate Gregors role as the symbolic prototype of the Existential hero because the story was written from an existentialist viewpoint, proven by its emphasis on loneliness, isolation, and the autonomy of ones existence. Gregor lived in an absurd world full of suffering and peculiarity. After Gregor inexplicably woke up one morning as a monstrous vermin, he remarked that he saw no way of bringing peace and order into this mindless motion and that all his efforts to go about his daily routine were for naught (The Metamorphosis, 7). If Gregors predicament is taken to be symbolic of mankinds, then this effort indicates the fundamental struggle of each individual against the alien and hostile world. This fundamental realization that he was entirely helpless in the world came after his reconciliation with the fact that as for adopting another profession, he was not only too old for that but too fanatically devoted to fasting and led him into a deep depression, which led to his death. As the only human bug, Gregor was alone and alienated in his world. Even before his metamorphosis, Gregor was a traveling salesman who was constantly seeing new faces and could have no relati...

Theodore Roosevelt's Military Experience Research Paper

Theodore Roosevelt's Military Experience - Research Paper Example One can never undermine the naval reconstruction undertaken by Theodore Roosevelt. As the Assistant Secretary of the Navy Roosevelt was deeply influenced by naval officer and historian Alfred Thayer Mahan and he rendered remarkable services in establishing a modern navy that could protect the interests of the nation around the globe. In fact, Roosevelt strongly believed in expansionism and he held that â€Å"the United States should build up its navy and start asserting its global power† (Shmoop 9). Even though he served the navy as assistant secretary for only one year Roosevelt took special efforts to develop â€Å"contacts with noted naval strategists, planned future strategies for a naval war with Spain, and appointed George Dewey to command the Asiatic Squadron† (Crucible of Empire-PBS Online). All these efforts culminated in the emergence of Roosevelt as one of the most efficient and tactful of American military officers. Theodore Roosevelt’s war in Cuba ha s elaborately been documented by many authors of history. As the Assistant Secretary of the Navy he prepared the navy ready for any wars and he succeeded in convincing the army that intervention in Cuba is necessary. He convinced his navy men that â€Å"it was the moral duty of the United States to end Spanish misrule in Cuba and to stop at once and forever the despotic tyranny of the Spanish Governor-General, Weyler† (Lewis 120). In his autobiography Roosevelt himself confesses that the war in Cuba was inevitable and that it was motivated by humane motives rather than for political interests. In his autobiography he observes that â€Å"Spain attempted to govern her colonies on archaic principles which rendered her control of them incompatible with the advance of humanity and intolerable to the conscience of mankind† (Roosevelt 159). Thus, Roosevelt sought to wipe out the misery, degradation, devastation and destruction that the Cubans had to endure at the hands of the Spanish imperialists. In 1898 the explosion occurred on the USS Maine in Havana Harbor offered a golden opportunity for Roosevelt to prompt the American government to wage war in Cuba. Roosevelt also motivated his men to assist the Cubans who were waging a very important war to gain independence from Spain since 1895. Roosevelt played a pivotal role in the Spanish-American War, the Battle of Manila Bay and his able leadership at the helm of the First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed as the "Rough Riders" won him recognition as well as popularity. The voluntary cavalry men under Roosevelt supplemented the depleted U.S. Army in the war and tuned the war in favor of the US army. Roosevelt and his Rough Riders landed in Cuba on 22 June 1898 and by August the Rough Riders turned the war in favor of the American force. At the battle of San Juan Heights Roosevelt led the army from the forefront and the image of Roosevelt charging up the San Juan Hill in 1898 turned out to be a historical icon in the US history and very soon he assumed the status of a national hero. The question whether Theodore Roosevelt should be awarded the medal of honour evoked a lot of debates in the United States. While his own companions offered testimony for his courage and absolute fearlessness in the battlefield it is doubtful why he was not honoured with the Medal of Honor during his life time itself. There are many historians who hold that

Liberation.The Declaration of Independence of the United States of Essay

Liberation.The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America - Essay Example It is one of the most influential documents in the history. So many other countries and organizations have tried to create documents with similar sentence structure and tone as in this document. This document has played a very important part in the history of the United States. This view influenced Abraham Lincoln to such an extent that he considered the Declaration to be the very foundation of his political philosophy. It was this document that explained the significance of the liberation of the United States. There are a number of facts presented in this document that prove why this liberation was extremely necessary (Kelly, N/A). From the overall tone of this document, it can be inferred that this document is persuasive. A persuasive essay is written in an indirect tone, i.e., the main purpose of the document is not disclosed until the very end of the document. In case of a persuasive essay, the document provides facts and evidences that create the context of the main theme of the document. Such facts and evidences influence the reader to accept the core message of the document. Thus, the initial part of the document and a significant part of it lead to the main idea of the document which is provided in the very end. This document is drafted in such a manner that it persuades its readers that the liberation of the United States is highly significant for the betterment of the people of the United States. The initial part of the document simply describes the reasons why the colonies wanted to be separated from the rule of England. The writer starts the document with a very wide scope involving the rules of nature which are highly significant as compared to the insignificant rules created by the man himself. The writer provides the reader with the fact that God created all men as equals and gave them the ability to think to decide what is best for them. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness†. This sentence is considered to be one of the best-known sentences in the English language because of the ambit of argument it puts forth. Jefferson provided factual evidence in order to make the people realize the importance of the independence. It was the evidential appeal that was used to make this document one of the most influential documents. The facts provided in this document have been presented in such a manner that they are bound to be effectual. For example; Jefferson initially admits that changing long established Governments should not be changed for causes that are not material, however he later provides that, if the Government does not vary its behavior and tries to use its power against the will of the people being governed repeatedly, it becomes the right and duty of the people being governed to remove the Government and acquire new guards to ensure the s ecurity of their future (Selzer, 2004). After the initial argument, Jefferson provides a list of facts which constitutes a significant part of the document. This list of facts includes certain evidences that cannot be falsified and this only adds to the effectiveness of this document. Some of the facts that he included in his list were regarding the steps that could have been taken by the Government for the betterment of the people but they were not taken. For example; according to Jefferson, the King refused his assent to laws that were necessary for the public good, he has forbidden the governors to pass laws of immediate importance unless his assent is obtained and he neglects to attend to those matters. Jefferson also presented that the King has dissolved the Representative

Mobile marketing is more effective than e-mail marketing Essay

Mobile marketing is more effective than e-mail marketing - Essay Example The researcher states that this era is known as the era of information technology in view of the fact that the innovations brought by the information technology have not only modernized the ways businesses and individuals carry out their tasks but also improved the living standards. With the emergence of the Internet, the majority of people started using it for email and communication purposes. But soon it was replaced with mobile technology. Now the majority of people use mobile phones to complete their daily tasks. Seeing the increasing interest of people in mobile technology, business marketers have started using it for marketing and promotion of business contents. Mobile marketing is a process through which traditional marketing activities are carried out using a mobile phone. Basically, the mobile marketing is the process of using mobile phones to provide customers with location and time specific, custom-made information, which promotes goods, services, and ideas. However, the q uestion is that in this technology based era how effective is mobile marketing. This paper presents a comparison of mobile and email marketing strategies. The basic purpose of this research is to prove the claim that mobile marketing is more effective than email marketing. According to Roach, the current position and modern characteristics of the mobile technology as a one-to-one communication device define that mobile marketing is evocative of an inventive kind of direct marketing. Up till now many researchers have carried out extensive research to determine the factors which have an effect on consumer acceptance of marketing contents distributed through mobile marketing. In addition, various researchers such as (Barnes and Scornavacca), (Barwise and Strong) and Leppaniemi and Karjaluoto) discuss similar ideas. Additionally, their research is based on three key components: first of all there is a need to see that the user has given their approval to take delivery of marketing conte nts to their mobile phone; the level of authority the service provider maintains throughout the transaction, and the level to which the mobile user has trust on the brand being marketed. In the same way, (TRAPPEY and WOODSIDE) and (Merisavo, Kajalo and Karjaluoto) also discuss the features and elements of the marketing material and distribution. They have discussed various factors driving the consumer's level of acceptability (Merisavo, Kajalo and Karjaluoto) and (TRAPPEY and WOODSIDE). On the other hand, thus far, there has been little research committed to discovering the characteristics of this medium, and whether they have an effect on a customers’ decision to agree to or refuse marketing communications delivered straightforwardly to their mobile phone (Roach). Research Methodology This research will be based on the qualitative research methodology. For this purpose, I will collect data from academic journals, marketing books, newspapers and online promotional material in an attempt to support my research. I will analyze some of basic aspects that demonstrate superiority of mobile marketing methods for business promotion. This research will qualitatively assess some of the major aspects to prove how mobile marketing is more efficient than email marketing. Results and Discussion The one of the major problems with trying to reach customers through email is that the majority of business organizations had already made use of this strategy that it can without doubt be considered as spam by the target customers. In this scenario, mobile advertising and mobile marketing are a brilliant way to reach customers, in particular when business

Financing Shipping companies

Financing Shipping companies There are several advantages for a shipping company to outsource a particular service or department. The main advantages with outsourcing are better cost control, lower risk and the outside suppliers expertise. Better cost control is achieved because outsourcing leads to less fixed costs and more variable costs. This means that the company in the short term is more flexible, and able to adjust costs faster and in some cases with less hassle. Outsourcing a service or department also lowers the need for an initial investment by removing the capital injection necessary for establishing a department/service. Less fixed costs and less long term fixed assets means lower risk for the company. In economical theory there also is an general opinion that outsourcing in many cases leads to cost reductions, due to a small internal department within the company not having the same degree of expertise as a bigger outside supplier and therefore not being able to deliver the services at a competitive cost. This lack of expertise compared to the outside supplier that specialises in the segment might also lead to a lower quality of service if the work is kept in house. With regards to expertise there also is a big advantage in that the company can keep focus on their core business where they have the necessary know-how and stay clear of outside disturbance. There are however also disadvantages with outsourcing. The main problem is loss of control due to the company not having the same supervision over the work being done. Another problem is that the outside supplier might not be able to adjust the service as well as an inside department after the companys needs at any given time. The degree of the advantages/disadvantages with outsourcing varies greatly with the complexity of the work that has to be done, the potential savings and the importance of in-house supervision. A certain degree of outsourcing of services will always exist i.e. transportation for a companys employees, postal services, big IT reforms etc. Solstad has decided to keep outsourcing at a minimum and integrated shipping operations are a part of the companys philosophy[1]. The company manages the total operation of the vessels[2], and have a large onshore support mechanism which includes freight, crewing, accounting, chartering, technical, and other administrative functions. The company is nevertheless open to outsourcing services and will evaluate whether it is possible to achieve more cost effective operations and an optimal return on capital employed in cooperation with new suppliers with a view to long-term strategic co-operations[3]. Such collaboration is also evaluated with regard to risk and capital injection. How has your company financed its vessels? Explain advantages and disadvantages by such financing. It isnt possible to find public information on how most of the specific vessels have been financed. However according to a news article in Skipsrevyen[4] about the acquisition of the M/S Normand Seven, the long term financing for that vessel is provided by Eksportfinans in cooperation with Nordea Bank, Fokus Bank and Danmarks Skibskredit AS. The companys balance sheet doesnt show in detail to whom the long term liabilities is owed, so to answer the question we will have to assume that the financing of the M/S Normand Seven is representative of how Solstad normally finances its fleet. As of the end of 2008 the company have long term fixed assets in vessels and new buildings of 7.289.858.000 NOK[5]. This equals just over 70% of the companys total assets of 10.213.357.000. The assets are financed with a total equity of 3.697.624.000 and total liabilities of 6.515.734.000. Out of the total liabilities long term loans to credit institutions/leasing obligations amounts to 4.831.208.000. In economic theory an equity ratio of 30 % is generally considered healthy, and the company also states in the annual report that the aim is to be financed by the owners (equity) with a ratio higher than 30 %. The total equity in percentage of total assets in 2008 was 36%, well above the companys goal. The companys equities are important when you need to raise capital from outside sources, as it may provide security for the lenders. Assuming that the financing of M/S Normand Seven is representative for the entire fleet the long term liabilities is provided by commercial banks like Nordea bank, Fokus bank, and Danmarks Skibskredit as well as government backed ship credit schemes like Eksportfinans. According to the annual report some of the fleet is also financed by leasing agreements. The advantages in getting mortgage-backed loans from commercial banks are that capital can be raised quickly and flexibly, while the owner is still left with full ownership of the business. The disadvantages by such financing is that commercial banks are uncomfortable with loans that are longer than 5-6 years[6] and often prefers to receive a balloon payment that might be difficult to handle for the shipping company. A leasing company is often more attractive if the borrower want longer finance than a commercial bank is willing or able to take onto their balance sheets. Eksportfinans also offers longer term finance than is usual for commercial banks, and offer repayment periods for up to 20 years[7]. Commercial banks normally take little risk and require a lot of security to protect their investment. According to the annual report[8] some vessels are placed as security for the mortgages. In addition, accounts receivables and bank deposits (2007) are tied. Solstads loan agreements are also subject to the owners working capital being positive at all times and that the market value of the vessels amounts to at least 110-125% of the outstanding loans. The company states that they satisfy all conditions of the loan agreements at 31.12.08[9]. Name three of the most important conventions your company must adhere to. Give reasons why those are among the most important ones. Solstad have ships registered in the Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS), Isle of Man Ship Registry (IOM), and the Norwegian Ship Register (NOR). Some of the criteria for NIS/IOM/NOR registered vessels are that they adhere to international conventions such as Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 74), Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) and Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping (STCW 95) as well as other international regulations ratified by the flag states. Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 74) is the most important international treaty protecting the safety of merchant ships in the world. The first version of the treaty was passed as early as 1914 in response to the sinking of the Titanic.[10] It prescribed numbers of lifeboats and other emergency equipment along with safety procedures, including continuous radio watches. The intention had been to keep the convention up to date by periodic amendments, but a completely new convention was adopted in 1974. The convention regulates among other things use of the global maritime distress safety system, set construction criteria (subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations), fire protection/detection/extinction, obligatory life-saving appliances and arrangements, radio communications, safety of navigation etc. and is the centrepiece of maritime safety. Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes[11]. It was designed to minimize pollution of the seas, including dumping, oil and exhaust pollution. Its stated objective is to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances. MARPOL contains 6 annexes, concerned with preventing different forms of marine pollution and covers pollution by oil, chemicals, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage, garbage and air pollution. The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping (STCW 95) sets qualification standards for masters, officers and watch personnel on seagoing merchant ships[12]. The aim of the convention was to introduce internationally acceptable minimum standards relating to training, certification and watchkeeping for officers and crew members. Today there are amendments concerning quality standards systems, oversight of training, certification procedures and rest period requirements. The amendments require that seafarers are provided with familiarization training and basic safety training which includes basic fire fighting, elementary first aid, personal survival techniques, and personal safety and social responsibility. This training is very important in ensuring that seafarers are aware of the hazards of working on a vessel and can respond appropriately in an emergency. Literature and references: Annual report (2008). Annual report 2008 Solstad Offshore ASA. Skudeneshavn. * Financial report (2009). 3rd quarter 2009 Solstad Offshore ASA. Skudeneshavn. Â · International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) (1973). http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?doc_id=678topic_id=258 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) (1974). http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?topic_id=257doc_id=647 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) (1978). http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?doc_id=651topic_id=257 * Misje, M. (1989). Solstad rederi A/S 1964 1989. Skudeneshavn: Solstad Rederi. * Misje, M. (2004). Solstad rederi AS: 40 Ã ¥r 1964 2004. Haugesund: Nils Sund boktrykkeri. Presentation 3rd quarter (2009). Presentation 3rd quarter 2009 Solstad Offshore ASA. Skudeneshavn. Solstad Offshore ASA website. http://www.solstad.no * Stopford, M. (2009). Maritime economics 3rd edition. New York: Routledge. * Zachariassen, J. E. (2008, 21. April). M/S Â «NORMAND SEVENÂ ». Skipsrevyen. Eksportfinans website. http://www.eksportfinans.no/Bransjer/Skip.aspx [1] Annual report, page 2 [2] Annual report, page 13 [3] Annual report, page 13 [4] Zachariassen, 2008 [5] Annual report, page 26 [6] Stopford, 2009, page 284 [7] Eksportfinans website [8] Annual report, page 49 [9] Annual report, page 49 [10] International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 [11] International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 [12] International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978

Voltaire’s Views of Religion and State Expressed In Candide Essay

Voltaire’s Views of Religion and State Expressed In Candide  Ã‚  Ã‚      Throughout Candide, Voltaire uses satire as a tool to reveal his controversial views regarding religion and State. He reveals the corruption, hypocrisy and immorality present in the way in which government and religion operated during his lifetime. Most particularly, he criticizes violent government behaviour (ie; war) and the behaviour of members of the aristocracy, who constituted the bulk of high ranking government and religious leaders. Through satirical comments made in Candide, Voltaire exposes the corruption and greed rife in the government. He also reveals his displeasure with the manner in which the parliamentary system operated, expressing the ineffectiveness and ineptness of power hungry politicians who refused to agree or compromise. â€Å"Let us work without arguing, that is the only way to make life endurable.† (Voltaire: 1947). Voltaire also makes a poi... ...ugh powerful, intelligent use of satire, Voltaire makes his personal views clear and encourages the reader to challenge the way in which religion and the State operate. Bibliography Andrews, Wayne. Voltaire. New York: New Directions Pub. 1981 Gay, Peter.   Voltaire's Politics.   New York: Random House,1965 Weitz, Morris. Philosophy in literature. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press.1963 Volatire, Francois-Marie,   Candide, Penguin Publishers, New York, 1947.

Character Analysis Elizabeth Bennet

Elizabeth Bennet Jane Austen's time period was a period that was full of change for society, but the main issue she really focused on writing about was women's social status, which was determined by whom she married. During this time period, a woman's ideal man was someone who was wealthy, able to take care of them, and provide her with security. There was no such thing as marrying for love; this is what made Austen’s females differentiate from other women. Austen made most of her main female roles have strong-independent natures and they stood for women's right to marry for love instead of status and wealth. Elizabeth Bennet is a perfect example of such a woman. Her unique characteristics make her one of the most well-known and loved heroines in literature. Although her mother and sisters act quite silly and dumb, excluding Jane, Elizabeth is quite intelligent. Elizabeth's intelligence is what makes her Mr. Bennet's favorite, but in equal, this makes Elizabeth’s her mother's least favorite. Mrs. Bennet ignores Elizabeth's intelligence and states that she is no better than the rest of her sisters. The reader is also shown that Elizabeth’s intelligence is displayed not only by her dialogue, but in her observation skills as well. She watches other's behaviors to decipher their personalities. It is obvious that she enjoys doing it because she states, â€Å"intricate characters are the most amusing† (chap. 9). There is no doubt that Elizabeth is the most independent woman in this story, considering that she rejected two proposals that surely would have made her future secure after her father's death. The first proposal was from Mr. Collins, and although he was rather ridiculous, the Bennets' estate was entitled to him next and marrying him would have saved all of them from being homeless. Despite knowing this, Elizabeth still refuses to marry him because she believes to only marry for love and it obvious that she does not love Mr. Collins. Such a feat shows the strength of her beliefs and character. Pride and Prejudice was originally going to be called First Impressions, although both titles represent the novel quite well. The main characters, Elizabeth and Darcy, are both guilty of giving the other sense-impressions. Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy is guilty of pride. Although reader's usually focus on Darcy's pride, Elizabeth has to deal with pride just as much. Elizabeth's pride mainly consists of her rational thinking and belief that the decisions she makes are always wise. She is also takes pride in her ability to figure out others quickly and considers this to be her greatest trait. Although she is correct about most of the character's personalities like Mr. Collins and Lady Catherine de Bourgh, she is mistaken about Wickham’s and Darcy’s character.

Medieval Feasts essays

Medieval Feasts essays When I say the word medieval, what is the first thing that comes to mind? No, I am not talking about anything that has to do with the devil. I am referring to the time period long ago. Youve heard of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table right? In the middle ages, people came together and had great feasts. The food in the Middle Ages was very different from the food today. Their dinnerware was quite different too. They also had different ways of being entertained at these great social events. Hop in to that time machine because we are about to go into the past to experience a feast of royal proportions. Feasts were always held in the Great Hall in a kings or lords castle or manor and usually began around eleven in the morning. The tables were full of color and decoration. Beautiful tapestries hung from the walls. The Great Hall at one end had a raised platform (like a stage) called a dais. On the dais there would be a table where the lord, his family, and the most important guests sat. All the other tables were set perpendicular to the dais. Musicians (called minstrels) sat in a gallery ( a type of balcony facing the Great Hall) and played a fanfare as the food was brought in by an army of servant. There were three servants that are the most important of all: the carver, cupbearer, and sewers. The carver cut up the different meats while the cupbearer carried the cup to anyone who wanted a drink. Only the lord had his own cup, everyone else shared. Sewers served the food and made sure everyone was near a trencher, a plate made of stale bread from which everyone ate their food. The food was divided into portions called messes and shared among several people. Very important people had their own portions. The Middle Ages was not the cleanest time period in history. Usually, when a cook gave instructions, it included the phrase put your hand into ...

Duties Essay Example

Duties Essay Example Duties Essay Duties Essay Duties Name: Course: Institution: Lecturer: Date: Duties Organizations and institutions are governed by internal policies and regulations that stipulate the various actions and responsibilities that are supposed to be executed by the various organizations’ staff. The various procedures and policies are meant to streamline the various activities and eliminate redundancy in the process. Every staff is supposed to be briefed on the various company policies and regulations upon employment. One such policy for a university is that any inappropriate behavior be reported to the immediate supervisor. 1. It is unfortunate that the head coach was terminated because of not following the school policy. This is instead of reporting the incident to his immediate supervisor, who in this case is the athletics director, ended up reporting the matter to the vice president. This is in contrast to the school policy, which dictates that he only reports to the athletics director alone. Again, if both, the vive-president and the athletics director did not act on the information and just let the case pass, it could also be assumed that the head coach failed in reporting the matter if the two ended up denying it. a) The head football coach owes duty to his immediate supervisor who in this case is the athletics director. This is because it is the athletics director’s responsibility to employ coaches. Although the vice president is also superior to the head coach, he is not directly involved in the affairs of the football team and thus sports may not be his immediate docket. This leaves the athletics director as the sole person who the head coach owes duty. 2. The graduate assistant was not charged with anything because he followed the school protocol. On witnessing the inappropriate behavior between the assistant football coach and the minor, he proceeded to report the matter to the head football coach. With this regard, it is evident that he followed the school policy and thus does not have any case to answer (Kimball, 1997). a) The graduate assistant did not violate any fiduciary relationship since he reported the matter to the head coach after witnessing the incident. b) A fiduciary relationship in legal terms refers to a relationship based on trust or confidence vested by one individual in the integrity and fidelity of another. The fiduciary is supposed to disregard personal interest and always act for the benefit of the client. With this regard, if the graduate assistant works for the football team, then he is in a fiduciary relationship with the head coach and is supposed to work in the best interest of the head coach. 3. Respondent superior indicates that the employer is responsible for the actions of the employees. Respondent superior, when applied to physical torts, is the relationship between the employer and the employee that has to be first established. The employee has to be directly employed by the organization and thus is not on an independent contract and thereby bringing about vicarious liability. Since the act was committed within the time and tenure of the assistant coach, the school administration bore full responsibility for the inappropriate behavior. In this case, the university administration would have to take responsibility for the inappropriate behavior evidenced by the assistant coach. 4. In the event I witnessed this or received information from an intern regarding inappropriate behavior, I would first analyze if there is any fiduciary relationship that I am supposed to honor. This will dictate in whose interest I am supposed to act. If there is no fiduciary relationship then the matter is to be reported to the immediate supervisor in the case I am not vested with the authority of judging such a case (Kimball, 1997). References: Kimball, L. (1997). Managing Virtual Teams. Toronto, Canada: Federated Press.

3 works of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3 works of art - Essay Example The gown looks like the nuns’ uniform and she is lazily enveloped into the reverie or dream about the angel. This is an epitome of the spiritualism that an image can depict. Moreover, the environment that hooks up the angel and St.Teresa looks dreamy, implying the supernatural feeling that the paint is showing. Lastly, there is intense light that illuminates the shiny structure that St.Teresa is lying on and the gowns that both are wearing. This is a symbol of divine power in a scared place. In this paint, Caravaggio is showing a pretty realistic image of St.peter being crucified. He is keen on the posture of the people and the wood used to make the crucifix. It is a paint that shows the crucifixion of St.Peter as he asked people to do. He is crucified upside down as a symbol of not imitating his Lord Jesus Christ. The painting is so real that it shows the cloth that is wrapped around him to conceal his loins, the people lifting the cross and the obscurity of their faces in the shadows. The picture arouses feelings of sadness by looking at the way St.Peter has left his mouth open with his long beard and dully eyes, showing so much pain. The people lifting the crucifix are also showing fatigue since it is clear that they are straining to lift the crucifix to its intended right position (Brett & Kate, para8). This paint is a fascinating image that describes the evolution of the Catholic Church by Peter Paul Rubens. He is so artistic in the painting of women and men in their full physical features lying on each other in various postures. There is also the presence of leopards in shady color trying to roar at the infants on the ground. This is a description of the spread of Catholic Churches across the world and the numerous challenges it has faced. Behind the leopards, the adults and the infants is a dark blue sky that is not fully clear. It shows the beautiful sky, symbolizing the hope and feasibility of the

Luis Valdez and El Teatro Campesino Research Paper

Luis Valdez and El Teatro Campesino - Research Paper Example Valdez was raised in a family of farmworkers who were migrants in the lands of caucasian Americans. He grew up in Delano, California and was exposed to farm work at a young age. He was well educated, despite the fact that his parents were in frequent travels. He finished college and went on to see labor unions and their struggles in a stranger country (Elam Jr. 3). In 1965, he started to participate in a strike organized by a union of farmers called the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (Elam Jr. 3). He was an apprentice then at the San Francisco Mime Troupe when he convinced leaders of the labor union to create a theater company of their own (Elam Jr. 3). He was successful in convincing UFWOC leaders and staged various plays that expressed the sentiments of the union as well as a cultural expression of Chicanos as a minority group. Themes of the play involved struggles of Mexican farmers, meager income in farm work, among others (Elam Jr. 3). In 1965, Valdez founded El Teatro Campesino, which was worldly-renowned (Huerta 69). Actors who were part of his newly-organized theater group were farmers, who were eager to expose the injustices they suffered in the fields while actively urging other farmers to join their cause, too (Huerta 69). Two years later, Valdez’s theater group abandoned the common portrayal of agricultural issues and began to explore other issues concerning the Chicanos or the Mexicans (Huerta 70). Valdez separated from the union because of the need to improve his craft in terms of standards in an effective theater play. El Teatro Campesino still graced farmers’ invitations to perform during union strikes, but also did portrayals of other worthy issues such as the American educational system and the status of the Chicanos in the particular sector (Huerta 70). The Education System. Valdez created plays that depict his criticisms against the American educational system. No Saco Nada de la Escuel a or He Didn’t Get Anything from School depicts how the education system forced the Americans’ dominant culture into the minds of cultural minorities such as the Chicanos (Valdez 66). Through that play, Valdez was able to convey his message of his opposition against the imposition of the English language as a medium of instruction in class, while discrimination against non-English speakers continued (Valdez 70-71). Murillo, Jr. et al. described language as a symbol of one’s identity; it is the â€Å"blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow† (19). Thus, Valdez believed that it is not an easy transition for students who were born and raised with the Spanish language as the mother tongue (66). Moreover, No Saco Nada de la Escuela portrayed how Valdez sees the American education system as a venue for bullying, and the toleration of it among Latino students. English was portrayed as the key to communication, the eradication of discr imination, and the perfect way to pass. Latinos in the Education System: 1950s to 1970s During the 1950s up until the 1960s, only few Mexican students successfully finished high school (I. Lopez 16-17), especially in schools located in Los Angeles. According to Lopez, the quality of education can be considered as the â€Å"

Information Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information Policy - Essay Example I am concerned with the issue because the government continually pushes businesses towards the edge in setting harsh legal laws concerning privacy while they fail to assist the companies in handling it. The governments set rules that ensure businesses safeguard individuals’ personal information and prevent it from leaking to a third party. While this is important, most governments fail to specify personal information that a business should not gather or distribute (Serwin, McLaughlin & Tomaszewski, 2011). They impose fines on businesses for mishandling information without guiding them. Furthermore, businesses need to secure their information and information concerning their clients to reduce leakages to third parties. My concern challenges the government to give valuable insights into the problem of managing information security instead of embracing a legislative approach. The issue is of significant interest due to the need for urgent solutions to enable businesses protect personal and other business-related information. Companies require assistance in creating information security platforms in their entire networks. I can assist them develop internal privacy policies, making agreements on network security and technology contracts, negotiating vendor contracts, and reviewing employee policies and procedures. Businesses also need advice regarding database-marketing outsourcing where they store client personal information on servers external to the companies (Schwalbe,  2000). Hence, the existence of numerous gaps in the information management sector makes the area of privacy and security

Philippine Daily Inquirer Essay Example for Free

Philippine Daily Inquirer Essay SAN RAFAEL, Bulacan, Philippines For many of this town?s residents, Jose Rizal?s unforgettable fictional characters Sisa, Crispin and Basilio not only existed in his 19th century novel ?Noli Me Tangere,? they actually roamed the streets here. According to local lore, the bloodstains on a wall in the convent of the San Juan de Dios church were actually Crispin?s, Sisa?s youngest son whose disappearance and probable death caused her to lose her mind. The story, told and retold by the older townsfolk, goes like this: The head sacristan had Crispin whipped over some missing cash. The boy?s bloodied body was thrown into a well at the convent, never to be seen by his mother. This supposedly true-to-life account would be immortalized in Rizal?s ?Noli Me Tangere? published in Berlin in 1887. ?Noli Me Tangere? (Touch Me Not) and its sequel, ?El Filibusterismo? (The Reign of Greed), exposed the abuses of the Spanish friars and earned for Rizal the ire of the Spanish authorities. Rizal was executed on Dec. 30, 1896, and his two books are now required reading for Filipino high school and college students. Bloodstained walls Cory Valero-Vergel de Dios, 71, said she first heard the story from her parents and older relatives. Born in 1936, Vergel de Dios spent many summers offering flowers at the church, often playing at the convent after the traditional Flores de Mayo rituals. She said she and her playmates used to gaze at the bloodstained wall and wander near the well. ?The stains were red and clear,? Vergel de Dios said. Gigi Valderrama, who works at the municipal hall, said she heard the story from her mother, who is now in her 80s. She also heard the story from her grandmother, now deceased. ?It?s just a story,? said Valderrama, who is active in parish activities. Tina, a Manila-based professional in her 20s, heard the tale from her grandparents and described the account as ?vague and sketchy.? Tableau Nonetheless, the room in the convent where Crispin was supposedly tortured to death now has a tableau which has a mannequin resembling Rizal. The Rizal mannequin sits behind a desk, writing. He faces the well where Crispin?s body was supposedly dumped. In the Noli, Rizal described Crispin as ?a timid boy with large black eyes.? He and older brother Basilio were employed in the church as ?bell ringers? to help their mother Sisa. Their father was a man who liked going to cockfights and beat their mother. The boys? unhappy life turned worse when the head sacristan accused Crispin of stealing ?two ounces? which was then equivalent to P32. On the day the loss was discovered, Crispin was not allowed to leave the convent, while Basilio was allowed to leave only after 10 p.m., which was past the 9 p.m. curfew. Last time Crispin begged Basilio not to leave him because, he said, ?they?re going to kill me.? The head sacristan dragged Crispin down the stairs from the bell tower and into the shadows. That was the last time Basilio saw his kid brother. Leaving the convent past curfew, Basilio was met by the guardia civil (the police then) who fired shots. A bullet grazed Basilio?s head. Though bleeding from a head wound, he managed to go home to his mother that night. This is the background to the heartbreaking scene of the madwoman Sisa, who wandered the streets, looking for her sons Crispin and Basilio. Some San Rafaeleà ±os believe this scene actually happened here during the Spanish colonial era. Catholic town Founded as a Spanish settlement in 1750, San Rafael is a deeply Catholic town. Residents make sure they get married in the same church where they were christened. When church bells peal at 6 p.m., residents pause to say the Angelus. Located some 150 kilometers north of Manila, the town is accessible via narrow, badly paved roads. According to the 2000 annual census, San Rafael has a population of 169,776 with 14,659 households. Msgr. Filemon Capiral said the town has a rich heritage. ?The residents, although most have gone abroad, are helping preserve the heritage,? he said. Four years ago, Fr. Dennis Espejo, who was then the parish priest, organized the Committee on the Cultural Heritage of San Rafael. Little-known history Espejo raised funds from residents who made good here and abroad and established a museum. The museum, located on the second floor of the convent, showcases a collection of religious icons and vestments, antique furniture and furnishings. The room with the bloodstained wall is part of the museum. There is a not so well-known historical fact about the San Juan de Dios Church. It was the site of one of the bloodiest battles between the Katipuneros and the Spanish troops. According to the church?s historical marker, Katipuneros led by Gen. Anacleto Enriquez and Spanish troops under Lt. Col. Lopez Arteaga fought fiercely at the site. When the smoke cleared, an estimated 800 men were dead, among them the 20-year-old Enriquez, who was a good friend of another Bulakeà ±o, the boy general, Gregorio del Pilar.

Hierarchy HR Department Human Resource Management Commerce Essay

Hierarchy HR Department Human Resource Management Commerce Essay Human capital is the rarest resource of the company which cannot be imitated while every other resource or asset of the organization can be copied by the rivals due to the changing environment and emergence of technology. HR Is basically a support function which helps the other imperative functions in achieving their vision which cannot be achieved without the support of HR. Its a cost minimization and value creating source. HR successfully linked the lower management with the top management for the purpose of achieving goals and objectives. There is not a formula or certain procedure in human resource management, it varies from person to person and managers perceived it differently as everyone has his/her own strategies. In this report we have covered almost each and every aspect of human resource management. HR process starts with hiring of the effective employees and ends with the performance evaluation of the human resources. Goals of HR Department in UMA To recruit the most effective pool of candidates Motivate the employees so that performance of each employee can be strengthened Prevent and reduce the turnover rate. This is the most imperative job of HR because it helps the firm in achieving its goals Give rewards and benefits to the deserving candidates. Deserving candidates are identified by analyzing the performance appraisal. To give priority to the internal labor supply over the external one so that the motivation level and performance of workers could be enhanced Resolve the conflicts among the employees so that an impressive working environment could be developed. Develop HR related policies and code of conduct. HIRING There is not a fixed time period for hiring. Company hires the workers according to the need of the time the first and the most imperative step in the hiring process is recruitment. Recruitment is basically the process of generating effective pool of employees. The most famous and renown tool for recruitment is newspaper and internet in united marine agency. The firm believes that with the help of newspaper and internet you can generate a huge pool of candidates in a very limited time. Besides this there is another advantage of recruiting the candidates through newspaper and i.e. Image of the organization , as we all know that an immense ad in the newspaper can strongly influence the image of the company. Employee referral is also a tool used by the firm for the purpose of generating impressive pool of candidates. Employee referral is considered as the most trustworthy, reliable and effective tool because the employee are very much conscious in referring the candidates as this is the matter of their credibility as well as a result the most preferred and effective candidates are referred by the employees . Employee referral is not always positive. There are some negative aspects of employee referral as well because sometimes managers has to neglect or ignore the mistakes of certain employees just because of there sound reference . Internal Vs. External Labor Supply The firm believes that internal labor supply must be given preference over external labor supply. Consequently when an executive position is vacant, top management attempts to fill that vacancy by promoting a deserving employee. This helps the firm is following ways Reduce cost of hiring Hiring is the process of human resource management which involves a lot of cost and requires a massive time for the purpose of producing effectual pool of applicants but internal labor supply is that efficient tool which can certainly reduce the cost of hiring process for united marine agency, because via promoting and enriching the job responsibility of an productive employee you can reduce huge cost of the organization for sure. Internal employee is aware of the organization culture An internal employee is usually aware of the organization culture therefore he does not take much time in adjusting with the work environment Productivity increases When an internal deserving employee is promoted to an executive position, motivational level increases thus performance of the employee enhances which results in effective organization productivity. Emergency hiring In case of emergency hiring, the firm does not rely on the normal procedures of recruitment but they try to go for the speediest process and usually the process is decided by analyzing the situation intensely and implementing a process according to the situation. SELECTION Selecting the Candidates Process of selection varies job to job. Some job requires a test. Test is provided to the candidates who have been shortlisted through recruitment and the individuals who are able to clear the test are requested to appear in the interview. In majority of the cases, employee referral is used for the purpose of hiring personnel for executive position in UMA. And there are many reasons behind this. Generally an employee is aware of the kind of the individual required for a particular position because he knows the responsibilities of the vacant position and is pretty much aware of the nature of the job therefore he refer an individual who can efficiently perform the job activities and help the organization in achieving its goals and objectives. As Mr. Zeeshan stated that recently a sales manager was hired in UMA on the reference of general manager. The compensation package of that individual is very impressive and well-off according to MR Zeeshan but the general manager is very much satisfied with the compensation package of sales manager because according to him he has the ability of generating sales vigorously. SELECTION PROCESS Candidate is selected by following certain steps which include the test at the initial stage which is design to reduce the vigorous pool of candidates, later an interview is conducted by the HR manager once short listed by the HR manager, the candidates are asked to appear in the final interview conducted by the HOD of the particular department to get the dedicated employees. SELECTION CRITERIA UMA follows the following criteria in order to select effective employee for the firm Education Experience Confidence Soft skills Reference TRAINING Every company either SME or large corporations has a vigorous believe that human capital can build a strong position of company if efficiently and effectively utilized. UMA also strive in achieve the same goal. UMA strongly believe that training and development plays an important role in increasing revenues of the company either through cost reduction or increase in sales. Trainings in UMA are done on almost every level whether a telephone operation or a brand manager of a company, all are indulge in training. As per Mr. Zeeshan employees gets motivated when such sort of activities is done in the organization. Some training is the routine trainings which have to be given to each and every employee after certain time period. such as fire fighting, emergency exits drill and on the job trainings which is given to the new induction by the immediate boss only in the case if there is any technical work in the job description of the employee, Whereas other trainings are done as per the requirement of the job. TRAINING METHODS ON THE JOB TRAINING The frequently used training method is on the job training in UMA. Usually lead by the senior very next to the person who needs the training. Moreover other consulting companies are also outsources by the company in order to accumulate new skill in the employees. As per Mr. Zeeshan recently UMA has organized a 15 days training session for the sales support staff and telephone operator so that the company can build good relation with the customers and can provide the exact solutions of their queries. OFF THE JOB TRAINING Off the job training is rarely done by the company and is only provided to the executive class. These trainings include seminars and workshop which is conducted abroad mostly in Singapore and Dubai. Performance appraisal UMA does the employees performance appraisal on as annual bases. Performance appraisal is done by using multi methods in order to get accurate information for the employee and its achievements. UMA uses two performance appraisal methods at the same time, MBO and graphic rating scale. In every December before the increment of the employees performance appraisal form is distributed to the HODs of every department with the due date, and then it become the responsibility of HOD to evaluate the employee. Following are the questions that are included in the appraisal form of the employee List your achievements or tasks you have done or/and currently doing well. What are the facilitating and constraining factors in performing your work? Achievements of Previous Agree Targets any training required RATING SCALE 1 Unsatisfactory 2 Acceptable 3 Good 4 Excellent FACTORS Employee Evaluator 1 Quality of Work 2 To meet targets and deadlines Initiative 4 Attitude 5 Cooperation 6 Attendance 7 Communication Skill 8 Interpersonal Skill 9 Willingness to learn 10 Cost conscious 11 Development of subordinator REWARDS AND BENEFITS: every year increments is given on the bases of performance of the employees and is not influenced by personal liking or disliking If employee performance is not up to the mark they are considered for the training and development program in order to make them more effective in achieving the task assigned to them. Training is also given if the employee thinks they need it for the better understanding and execution of the task. Drawback of MBO and Rating Scale The biggest drawback of appraising the performance through MBO is employee stick to the particular objectives provided to them which limits their productivity, performance and creativity to a certain level Benefit of MBO The most impressive benefit of MBO is providing the employees with clear and specific objectives as a result employees are aware of the fact that what is required from them therefore employees put their best efforts for the purpose of matching those objectives as efficiently as they can PROMOTION UMA consider different factors in order to analyze the promotion of the employees. According to them they dont have any fixed time period to promote an employee. It totally depends on the traits personality and hard working of the employee. Recognizing the promotion UMA recognizes the need to promote employee by continuously observing the performance of the employee. The main focus of the company is on the goals and targets achieved by the employees then on the factors and lastly on the time duration. Even the Deputy Manager is promoted in 8 month of time period because of his achievements and fulfillment of the targets. Factors considered in promotion planning and organizing professionalism teamwork and leadership punctuality achieved targets attitude and behavior of other According to Mr. Zeeshan once an employee is promoted then they are not promoted until they develop their skills for the upper position. If the employee is about to get promoted and at that time he resigns, then as per the practices of the HR department they either promote the contingent employee or give dual responsibilities to other. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS UMA provide great incentives and benefits to their employees. Other than their basic salary following are the incentives provided to the employees are based on their designations. Fuel Allowance Fuel allowance is given to the employees on the bases of their designation and work. Fuel allowance varies from 45 liters to 300 liters. As per the policy following is the ratio of giving fuel Bikes 45 liters Car (till 1000cc) 150 liters Car (till 1300cc) 250 liters Car (till 2400cc) 300 liters Mobile allowance Mobile allowance is also provided as per the designation of the employee Medical Insurance Every employee is covered with medical insurance which only includes hospitalization. In case of any mishap insurance company will pay all the expenses. Vehicle and its repair and maintenance Company provides the vehicle with the repair and maintenance to the employee as an incentives, but with the condition that car must remain clean all the time otherwise it would be taken back. Cars are inspected on daily bases Bonus Two bonuses are given to the employee in the period of one year other than the increment in the salary. One full salary is given on eid-ul-fitr and 70% is given on eid-ul-azha Retirement benefits The biggest benefit of retirement policy is that there is no age constraint in retirement an employee can work till the time he is capable of working in the organization. Gratuity is given to the employee which equal to the one salary for one year of service EOB pension is given to the employee Job rotation As mentioned before, employee is rotated to any other department or job if his/her performance is unsatisfactory. Most of the time managers also asked to their subordinates that whether they require a job rotation or not. Managers do this in order to enhance the employee motivation, performance and skills. TERMINATION In UMA, employees are not terminated on the basis of their performance because termination is not the solution of the problem. If the performance of the employee is not up to the mark, management attempt to transfer that individual to another department Termination is only occurred on the basis following cases Misconduct Or Misbehavior Misbehavior or misconduct of any employee is not tolerated in any case, which leads to straight termination Violation of HR policies or rules Each and every employee is requested to follow the HR rules and policies and if the employee is not following the rules and regulations, firm decided to terminate that individual Sexual harassment Sexual harassment is the case which leads to immediate termination Fraudulent For the purpose of alerting other employees, deceptive or fake individuals are terminated. ISSUES 360 degree of method of performance appraisal is ignored Do not have software for online recruitment At times, employee referral caused difficulties for the managers HR department of UMA is almost new. So the parameters of selecting new candidates are completely different as a result the performance of new induction varies from the old one which results in the organizational conflicts. SOLUTION The HR department is doing an impressive job but there are still some issues which need to be rectified as soon as possible. Following are the recommendations we suggested for the HR department of UMA 360 degree method of performance appraisal must be used. This is the most effective tool for the performance appraisal which is ignored by UMA because the performance of an individual must be evaluated by other colleagues as well Do not have software for online recruitment which is a hindrance in the hiring process. Software should be used for making the recruitment process more effective. Sometimes employee referrals cause problems for managers as they have to ignore the mistakes of the particular employee who has a strong reference. This issue can be resolved by providing the managers right to discipline the employee who is not performing well CONCLUSION By analyzing the whole HR process, we analyze that the HR department is doing an impressive job for United Marine Agency because the whole HR department consist of only five individuals who are managing more than 250 employees. Therefore we can state that HR department is doing a really efficient job. We all know that recruitment via newspaper or internet can generate very large pool of candidates. And we were really amazed by knowing the fact the whole task of recruitment is managed by only 5 individuals in the HR department. To fill the executive position through employee referral is a wise decision which helps the firm to hire effective individual and save the cost and time related to hiring process. The most impressive thing is their policy of not terminating any individual on the basis of his/her performance. By doing this, UMA proves that moral values and corporate social responsibility is an integral part of the organization. The process of job rotation is conducted by considering the opinions of the subordinates that whether they require job rotation or not. This helps the firm in enhancing high organizational performance by increasing the motivation level of employees. Different sort of incentives are provided to the employees in order to satisfy the workers and reduce the turnover rate Employee has to pass three interviews sometimes. This is also a good move because caliber of the candidate cannot be judged in a single interview only because organization has to make sure that it has selected the right candidate for the right job Two methods of performance appraisal are used by the firm which is MBO and rating scale. The purpose of using two methods is just to confirm that the performance is appraised appropriately.