The Supernatural Events in Macbeth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1188 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Macbeth Essay Did you like this example? A supernatural occurrence is described as an event or thing that are assumed to come from beyond or to originate from otherworldly forces and cannot be explained by reason or science. The play Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tragedy that highlights the danger of too much ambition without moral consciousness through the development of Macbeth’s character. The plot of the drama explores topics including, corrupt power and tyranny, gender stereotypes and the role of masculinity, and the use of faith and belief as a source of motivation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Supernatural Events in Macbeth" essay for you Create order Also incorporated throughout the play are various supernatural and mythical occurrences, these are portrayed as witches, ghost, prophecies, and other examples. These Supernatural events are included in Macbeth, because of their contribution to the overall theme, and because of their relevance to each character depending on how much they believe in them. Shakespeare uses these events to highlight existing qualities in Macbeth and to show how these qualities are intensified when Macbeth is exposed to them. Some of these qualities can be identified as ambitious, greedy, malevolent, and destructive which all become exacerbated throughout the book and help show the development of Macbeth’s character. The first mention of mythical events is at the very start of the play. It opens on page 17 to the witches huddled in a circle conversing with each other, until Macbeth and Banquo enter the scene. Each witch shouts a line at the two men â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! / All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!† (1.3.51-53). This information becomes the newly formed prophecy which predicts that Macbeth will become, the Thane of Glamis, Cawdor, and future king. The two men are immediately confused and startled, why should they believe this nonsense? Only because prior to this scene, the play reveals that Macbeth was to be named Thane of Cawdor in a few short minutes, confirming the legitimacy of this mysterious prophecy. This is the very beginning of Macbeth’s strong desire for success. Here, in the beginning, Macbeth’s character is naive and passive. When the supernatural prediction begins to come true by naming him Thane of Glamis and Cawdor he says â€Å"Commencing in a truth? I am Thane of Cawdor. If good, why do I yield to that suggestion/My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man / That function is smothered in surmise, / And nothing is but what is not† / (1.3.146-155). Macbeth asks himself why he is feeling bad if something good is happening. He talks here about how the thought of these goals as just a fantasy. It shows his true naivety when he speaks about committing murder, he explains how the mere thought â€Å"Shakes so my single state of man† (1.3.153). It seems here as if Macbeth would never commit such a horrible act because just the thought of it gravely scares him, this portrays Macbeth’s character now before the development begins. He doesn’t know yet the extent that his future self will go to, to achieve his goals. After the prophecy is introduced Macbeth is urged to take drastic measure and murder Duncan for his benefit. Even though he has doubts occasionally, he eventually does the deed and kills King Duncan. After this Macbeth becomes even more confident and convinces a couple assassins to kill Banquo. He tells them â€Å"Fleance, his son, that keeps him company, / Whose absence is no less material to me / Than is his father’s, must embrace the fate / Of that dark hour. Resolve yourselves apart. / I’ll come to you anon† (3.2.154-158). Now Macbeth is plotting to murder more people in comparison to him before being shaken up by the mere thought of it. Not only has he murdered one person, but he is also now conspiring another homicide and is becoming insane, all because of the prophecy that he is so fixated on. He becomes determined to make it come true no matter what it takes. Jumping ahead in the play to when the witches reappear, there is already a huge shift in his personality he has now not only killed Duncan to fulfill prophecy but has also murdered Banquo and Macduff’s family in a bloody rage. His personality has grown power hungry, desperate, even described as mentally ill. His descent into madness is displayed in his second encounter with the witches, he orders them to â€Å"answer [him]. / Though you untie the winds and let them fight. / Against the churches, though the yeasty waves. / Confound and swallow navigation up, / Though bladed corn be lodged and trees blown down, / Though castles topple on their warders heads /Even till destruction sicken, answer [him]./ To what [he] ask[s] [them]† (4.1.52-64). Macbeth commands them to tell him everything they know and has no regard to what the consequences are including unleashing violent winds, tearing down churches, etc. He doesnt care what it takes but he demands that they tell him his future once more. This is a huge character shift from the previous Macbeth who was scared of the thought of murder. This change is primarily due to the original prophecy and its effects, it made him yearn for power so much so that he would do anything to get it. This greed and selfishness shaped his character to become a vile human being. He had so much fixation on these events that the obsession is bringing out his inner evil and morphing his mental-state. After Macbeth’s outburst with the witches they do end up telling him what happened he finds out that he will never be harmed by â€Å"none of woman born† (4.1.91) and he will never be defeated until â€Å"Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him† (4.1.106-107). Macbeth now puts a lot of faith into the prophecy and inflates his ego to the point where he thinks nobody will ever defeat him. In his mind it makes sense, a forest will never uproot and move and no human is not born of a woman. In his mind, this makes him invincible. This ego inflation results in another personality transformation, he becomes the most arrogant, and irrational man who believes he is immortal and will never die. He announces â€Å"Till Birnam Wood remove to Dunsinane / I cannot taint with fear. What’s the boy Malcolm? / Was he not born of woman? The spirits that know / All mortal consequences have pronounced me thus: / ‘Fear not, Macbeth. No man thatâ €™s born of woman’† (5.3.3-6) Macbeth’s newfound smugness compels him to talk to others like so as if he has nothing to fear. Macbeth’s tone here is representative of how the prophecy leads him to become conceded. His reliance on the prophecy makes him to continue to believe that he fears nothing until â€Å"Till Birnam Wood remove to Dunsinane† or he meets â€Å"a man not born of woman† This prophecy is what primarily affects Macbeth’s character to be this way because it gives him confidence that nothing will happen to him until impossible events take place.

Leadership Theory Transformational And Transactional...

During the course of research, various theories appeared in literature on situational leadership. In some instances, situational leadership is part of a broader theory and vice versa. Related theories include transformational and transactional leadership, contingency theory, path-goal theory, and personality theories. Life Cycle Theory was not included since situational leadership originated from Life Cycle Theory. Transformational and Transactional Leadership Theories According to McCleskey (2014), transformational leadership theory is the most studied leadership theory. This theory is based on Maslow’s Law of Needs (McCleskey, 2014). The four factors of transformation leadership include idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration (McCleskey, 2014). According to McCleskey (2014), â€Å"Transformational leaders share a vision, inspire subordinates, mentor, coach, respect individuals, foster creativity, and act with integrity† (p. 124). These are similar to the four styles in situational leadership. For example, persuading and idealized influence are essentially the same. The words are synonyms with the same condensed definition (â€Å"influence,† 2013, â€Å"persuading,† 2013). According to McCleskey (2014), individualized consideration involves coaching and mentoring. This also applies to persuading or co aching. Furthermore, situational leadership is about applying the appropriate behaviors in the situation based onShow MoreRelatedTransactional And Transformational Leadership Theory756 Words   |  4 PagesTransactional and Transformational leadership The transformational leader, according to Burns (1978), is one who† raises the followers level of consciousness about the importance and value of designated outcomes and ways of reaching them; gets the followers to transcend their own self-interests for the sake of the team, organization, or larger polity; and raises the follower’s level of need on Maslow’s (1954) hierarchy from lower-end concerns for safety and security to higher-level needs for achievementRead MoreTransactional And Transformational Leadership Theory1504 Words   |  7 Pagespick good men to do what he wants done and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it†. The theories that will aid me in my career as a leader are transactional and transformational leadership styles. Transactional leadership theory emphasizes the role of management and how their followers are encouraged through reward and punishment. Transformational leadership theory focuses on the leader and how they inspire his/her followers to achieve a higher level of ethical values and motivationRead MoreLeadership Theory, Transformational, And Transactional Theory2421 Words   |  10 Pages Leadership Theories Unit 3 PSF8603 - Management and Leadership Theory Instructor Steven Kline Capella University Ann-Marie Cameron Introduction There are a few leadership theories, but for this research I will only focus on four of these theories. The theories that will be discussed are Situational leadership theory, Contingency theory, Transformational, and Transactional theory. 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In transactional leadership theory managers seek to find what employees want and then incentivize them to achieve high performance through a rewards-based approach. The employee provides job performance and is rewardedRead MoreThe Importance Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership1243 Words   |  5 PagesDiffer entiating Transactional and Transformational Leadership There have been identified leaders in the world as far back as history has recorded. In addition, there have been negative and positive leaders, as this is the human condition. Leadership models and theories have been the subject of research for over 100 years. The contributions of leadership theories may have altered the delivery of leadership throughout modern age for positive leaders, because he or she saw the ‘new and different’Read MoreImportance Organizational Leadership Has on Companies Today1657 Words   |  7 Pagesreading an article about organizational leadership, I was more enlightened on the value and importance organizational leadership has on companies today. The article discussed the significance of organizational leadership and how leaders can motivate their followers to accomplish corporate objectives and help them realize their full potential. More importantly understanding the organizational leadership theories can support the growth and developme nt of leadership skills and identify potential leaders

The Ethics of Animal Testing for Vaccine Development and...

Animal testing is important to ensure the safety of a variety of products, specifically pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and medical devices used for surgery and other treatments. It has also been used throughout history for various purposes. Once an unregulated practice, today there are laws, regulations, and requirements associated with the ethical use of animal models. In the United States, animal studies are now required before moving on to clinical trials. Legalities aside, controversy still arises between scientists, and public opinion can vary from unconcerned to extreme. The practice of vaccination is an important part of maintaining public health, and it has proven to be beneficial to both humans and animals. In regard to vaccine†¦show more content†¦At the time, Jenner had no way of knowing the cause of disease. Robert Koch proved that microorganisms were the cause of infectious diseases in the late 19th century. The work of Koch and other microbiologists of the t ime enabled us to extend vaccine strategies to other diseases.3 Animal testing has become an important stage in vaccine development. The first stages are exploratory and involve basic laboratory research. Methods of treatment, such as natural or synthetic antigens, are identified; this process may take an average of 2-4 years. The pre-clinical stage involves animal testing and may take an additional 1-2 years. Information gathered is used to determine the safety and potential success or failure of the vaccine. Scientists also use animal studies to try to determine what immune responses the vaccine may elicit in humans, as well as a safe starting dose and a safe method of administration.4 There are two major advantages gained through animal testing that cannot be acquired during the clinical stage. 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Vivisection has been used by researchers since 500 BC and many life-saving treatments have been developed this way (animal-testing.procon.org). In 1921 dogs were used in experiments in which they had their pancreases removed and led to the discovery of insulin which has saved the lives of diabetics. The polio vaccine was tested on animalsRead MoreDo Animals Have Rights. Animals Are Used To Test The Products3736 Words   |  15 PagesDo Animals Have Rights Animals are used to test the products that we use in our everyday life. Is it ethical or right to test our products on animals? If animal testing were not used, how would the safety of the products we use be insured? If animals were not used in medical testing, how would researchers come up with new medicines and vaccines? Different people have different opinions about this issue. Arguments abound for both sides. 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Impact of New Media in Music Industry free essay sample

Ever since the invention of recorded music itself over a century ago, and together with the rise of illegal file sharing, it smashes the familiar hierarchies and materiality of musical production at practically every level. Today a growing number of consumers are using the Internet to access music. The Internet has changed the distribution systems as well as raised many legal and ethical issues in the music industry. And in the same way that the unique compositional possibilities of recording technology itself were only widely accessible and explored in the last quarter of the twentieth century in genres such as electronic music, rock amp; roll, disco and hip hop which may be decades before the uniqueness of tomorrow’s online music-making landscape is really found and put to use. Music on the Internet The introduction of the Internet into the music industry is the most influential driving force of change. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of New Media in Music Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The number of people using the Internet to access music is continually growing for a variety of reasons. Some of the main reasons are consumers are using the Internet because they can acquire free or cheaper music and may also use the Internet to get music that is not available to them on the radio or in retail stores. Before music became available via the Internet, the only way consumers could access music was through purchasing CDs at retail stores or listening to music on the radio, on television, or at concerts. Many consumers felt that buying overpriced CDs often for just one particular song was not a good option. When the Internet companies entered the music industry selling music and little or no cost, consumers were quick to react. The lower cost to access a larger variety of music will sure to attract a very large group of consumers. Traditional record labels are still effective for well-known artists who rely on extremely effective budgeting, marketing, and promotion strategies. The competitors may be subject to legal implications resulting from laws to protect copyright, intellectual property, and royalty rights due to the free sale of an artist’s work via the Internet. The traditional record labels should continue to emphasis their ability to be the best provider of marketing, distribution and promotion strategies. They also have the option of developing digital transmission products to compete with MP3 as a high quality, high technology provider in the music industry. The traditional record labels could also establish a joint venture with an Internet superstore to sell their CDs at a discounted price. They could also create their own Internet store. The traditional record labels could design web sites that offer customer services such as chat rooms, artist information, instant messaging and a variety of others. The Internet store should continue to offer a wide variety of music at a lower cost to attract the greatest number of customers. Production Product innovation and technological advancements are also driving forces of change in the music industry. For everyone who are familiar with and spotting many of them owning one of this product, is the MP3 player which MP3 was a major invention for the music industry. The MP3 compressed digital audio information to a size that made is relatively practical to send it over the Internet. A large number of web sites were able to offer MP3 files for downloading at little or no cost. The MP3 invention offered near CD quality sound and files could be downloaded at a very fast rate. The creation of Napster is another major product innovation in the music industry. Napster enabled users to locate and share media files from one convenient, easy-to-use interface. Napster offered a wide variety of songs and also provided services to the customers such as instant messaging, chat rooms, host lists, and bookmarks. Not only for just downloading music online, the well-known â€Å"You Tube† space amp; I Tunes are also considered as the major driving forces of change in the music industry. Random people have videoed themselves showing their singing or talents related to music and everyone gets to see it. If they get popularity, they will starts to promote themselves and request viewers to purchase their music in I Tunes. This may lead to some misconception between them and the artists. Due to piracy of copyrighted works and the lack of royalties paid to artists, many lawsuits have been filed. However, many are still using MP3 file downloading and I Tunes as an advantage for consuming music in a free, cheaper and faster way, despite it being an illegal file sharing system. Ethical Issues Many legal and ethical issues are raised with the entry of the Internet into the music industry. The major issue is the free sale of an artist’s work. Digital transmission and illegal file sharing firms often allow consumers to access music for little or no money. This means that the artists are not receiving royalties for their work. The protection of copyrighted work and intellectual property is covered by law. However, the needs of consumers and unsigned artists also have to be considered. The Internet makes it possible for artists to distribute and promote their own music without the assistance of record labels. Record label firms fear that this will cause artists to break away from the label or will not want to sign with a label. Unsigned artists, however, can use the Internet (You Tube) to reach a large audience that they would not otherwise have access to. Successful artists may have a problem with the use of the Internet in the music industry because it allows consumers to access their music for free and they receive no compensation in terms of royalties. Consumers feel that music is often overpriced and the CD usually only has a few good songs but regardless you pay the same price, consumers want access to a large variety of music which they can access at a low cost. Consumers feel the Internet gives them the ability to listen to music and participate in the music community. Studies have shown that these consumers just like music and will often still end up buying CDs like the traditional way. Conclusion Sadly to say, Internet had took over the tradition of consumers purchasing CDs for their favorite artists and recording company are felling financially for producing records. The development of the contemporary music industry is influenced consistently by the development of information technologies and internet, which have changed the music industry dramatically. Personally I feel, consumers have got a substantially larger access to music and, what is more, they can choose a variety of products. At the same time, often consumers tend to use internet to get the product free of charge that naturally affects owners of intellectual property rights and this trend is likely to be observed not only in the music industry but also in the movie or video industry. On analyzing the impact of the internet on music industry, it is important to lay emphasis on the fact that modern music industry shifts online. Today, consumers prefer buy or order music online, instead of buying a CD. , Internet facilitates the purchase of music because customers can select specific products, such as songs, which they do want to buy. In fact, they can make their own collections and buy them online. On the other hand, the problem of the protection of copyrights arises because often consumers use internet to get music illegally, downloading new products even before their official release.

Classical Conditioning Vs Operant Conditioning Essay Research free essay sample

Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning Essay, Research Paper Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are different larning methods. What precisely is conditioning? Conditioning is the acquisition of specific forms of behaviour in the presence of chiseled stimulation. Both classical and operant conditioning are basic signifiers of larning. Classical conditioning is a type of acquisition in which an being learns to reassign a natural response from one stimulation to another, antecedently impersonal stimulation. Manipulating physiological reaction does this. Operant conditioning is a type of acquisition in which the likeliness of a behaviour is increased or decreased by the usage of support or penalty. Operant conditioning trades with more cognitive idea procedure. These two signifiers of larning have similarities and differences. Their similarities are that they both produce basic phenomena. One such phenomenon is acquisition. Both types of conditioning consequence in the heritage of a behaviour. One of the most celebrated of experiments that illustrates classical conditioning is Pavlov # 8217 ; s Dogs. We will write a custom essay sample on Classical Conditioning Vs Operant Conditioning Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this experiment, Pavlov sat behind a one-way mirror and controlled the presentation of a bell. The bell was the learned stimulation. A learned stimulation was an originally impersonal stimulation that could finally bring forth a coveted response when presented entirely. Directly after the tintinnabulation of the bell, Pavlov gave the Canis familiaris nutrient. The nutrient was the innate stimulation. This means that the nutrient caused an unmanageable response whenever it was presented entirely. That response would be the salivation of the Canis familiaris. A tubing that was in the Canis familiaris # 8217 ; s talk so measured the spit. When the innate stimulation ( US ) was paired with a learned stimulation ( CS ) , it finally resulted in a learned response. Extinction consequences if there is a lessening in frequence or strength of a erudite response due to the failure to go on to partner off the US and the CS. Extinction can besides happen in operant conditioning. The key to o perant conditioning is reinforcement. Support is when a stimulation is presented that increases the chance that the predating response will repeat in the hereafter. If support is withheld, extinction will happen in operant conditioning. Another factor that is invo lved in conditioning is self-generated recovery. That is the reappearance of an extinguished response after the transition of clip, without farther preparation. If Pavlov’s Canis familiariss did non hear the bell for a few old ages, and if when they heard it later they drooled, it would be an illustration of self-generated recovery. Something similar occurs with operant conditioning. If an animate being was conditioned to act in a certain manor, but so their support was stopped, that animate being may still hold a reaction to the stimulation at a much later day of the month. Organisms that are being conditioned through operant or classical conditioning can travel through something that is known as stimulus generalisation. This is when there is a transportation of a erudite response to different but similar stimulations. An illustration would be if one of Pavlov # 8217 ; s Canis familiariss salivated to the sound of a bell that was different from the 1 that they were originally conditioned with. Stimulus favoritism is another phenomena that occurs with classical and operant conditioning. Discrimination is when an being learns to react to merely one stimulation and suppress the response to all other stimulations. It is the contrary of generalisation. If an being hears many different sounds, but is merely given support for reacting to merely one of the sounds, it learns to know apart between the sounds. Some of the differences between operant and classical conditioning prevarication in the extent to which support depends on the behaviour of the scholar. In classical conditioning, the scholar is automatically reinforced. That is how it learns to react to a one time impersonal stimulation. In operant conditioning, the scholar must supply a right response in order to have the support. Another difference between the two signifiers of conditioning is the type of behaviour to which each method applies. Classical conditioning applies to a behaviour that is ever wanted. It was Pavlov # 8217 ; s aim to hold the Canis familiariss salivate on bid. In operant conditioning, a behaviour can be learned or extinguished. If you wanted to develop a Canis familiaris non to make something, you would utilize a signifier of penalty. Classical and operant conditioning are similar, but they do differ in a few ways. Both are reasonably dependable ways to learn an being to move in a specific manor.